Spirals
What repeats as something grows? Which parts are mathematical structure, and which are the result of material, environment and time?
Six small investigations you can adapt to a garden, classroom, kitchen, newspaper, spreadsheet or conversation. The goal is not to finish quickly. It is to look more carefully.

Mark one line or rotation that seems to preserve the pattern. Now identify a petal, leaf, angle or spacing that breaks it. Does the imperfect pattern still deserve to be called symmetrical?
Height is only one description. What about spread, branch length, number of leaves, spacing or rate of growth?

Count a small patch and scale up. Then ask whether the patch you chose was typical.
Use several locations. Decide how they are selected. Notice clustering. Compare estimates. Report a range rather than pretending the field contains an exact number.

Plot something you can observe repeatedly: plant height, daylight, temperature, water level or growth. Where does the trend change? What else would you need to know before explaining why?
Ask about the denominator, comparison group, selection process, uncertainty and what “effective” actually means.
Where did it come from?
Compared with what?
How was it measured?
What is missing?
What am I being invited to believe?
Before recalculating, what is already wrong?
Start with the units. Then check the shape, measurements, assumptions, precision and whether the conclusion answers the actual question.
Three old ways into new mathematical questions — growth, scale, pattern, navigation and the stories we place around what we observe. Rooted in the west of Ireland without pretending every pattern has a single historical explanation.
What repeats as something grows? Which parts are mathematical structure, and which are the result of material, environment and time?
How does a small beginning become a question about number, scale, probability, survival or change?
Which pattern is in the sky — and which part did we put there when we joined the points and told the story?